2013年6月六级考试真题（第三套)PartIWritingDirections:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark"Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's need,but not every man's greed."You can citeexamples to illustrate your point.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 wordsPart IIListening Comprehension说明：2013年6月六级真题全国共考了两套听力。本套（即第三套）的听力内容与第二套的内容完全相同，只是选项的顺序不一样而已，故在本套中没有重复给出。Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one wordfar each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through thecentre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Children are losing the ability to play properly because they are being given too many toys,according to a new research.The studies show that children-especially those under five-areoften 36 and actually play less than those with fewer toys."Our studies show that giving children too many toys or toys of the37 type can actually bedoing them harm.They get spoiled and cannot 38 on any one thing long enough to learn from it",said Lerner,a childhood development researcher.Her conclusions have been backed up by Britishresearch looking at children with39 few toys,whose parents spend more time reading,singing orplaying with them.It showed such children 40 youngsters from richer backgrounds-even thosewho had access to computers.Kathy Sylva,professor of educational psychology at Oxford University,reached her41_from astudy of 3,000 children from the ages of three to five.In her opinion,there is a complex relationshipbetween children's progress,the type of toys they are given and the time parents spend on them.When the children have a large number of toys there seems to be a distraction element,and whenchildren are_42 they do not learn or play well.change for the worse in Cameron,his 10-month-old son,after he was given44 toys last Christmas.He observed that if there are too many toys in front of Cameron,he will just keep moving round themand then end up going away and finding something like a slipper to play with.Experts45 to put a figure on the number of toys children should have,but many believe twodozen is enough for children of pre-school age.A)impactI)surpassB)concentrateJ)innumerableC)overwhelmedK)decisionsD)reasonablyL)inaccurateE)conclusionsM)relativelyF)exquisiteN)distractedG)embarrassedO)lagH）hesitateSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from whichthe information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is markedwith a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Norman Borlaug:"Father of the Green Revolution"[A]Few people have quietly changed the world for the better more than this rural lad from themidwestem state of lowa in the United States.The man in focus is Norman Borlaug,the"Fatherof the Green Revolution",who died on 12 September 2009 at age 95.Norman Borlaug spentmost of his 60 working years in the farmlands of Mexico,South Asia and later in Africa,fighting world hunger,and saving by some estimates up to a billion lives in the process.Anachievement,fit for a Nobel Peace Prize.Early Years[B]"I'm a product of the great depression"is how Borlaug described himself.A great-grandson ofNorwegian immigrants to the United States,Borlaug was born in 1914 and grew up on a smallfarm in the northeastern comer of lowa in a town called Cresco.His family had a 40-hectrare(公顷)farm on which they grew wheat,.maize(玉米)and hay and raised pigs and cattle.Norman spent most of his time from age 7-17 on the farm,even as he attended a one-room,one-teacher school at New Oregon in Howard County.[C]Borlaug didn't have money to go to college.But through a Great Depression era programme,known as the National Youth Administration,Borlaug was able to enroll in University ofMinnesota at Minneapolis to study forestry.He excelled in studies and received his PhD in plantpathology(病理学)and genetics in1942[D]From 1942 to 1944,Borlaug was employed as a microbiologist at DuPont in Wilmington.However,following the December 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor,Borlaug tried to join themilitary,but was rejected under wartime labour regulations.In Mexico[E]In 1944,many experts warned of mass starvation in developing nations where populations wereexpanding faster than crop production.Borlaug began work at a Rockefeller Foundation-funded project in Mexico to increase wheat production by developing higher-yielding varietiesof the crop.It involved research in genetics,plant breeding,plant pathology,entomology学)，agronomy(农艺学)，soil science,and cereal technology.The goal of the project was toboost wheat production in Mexico,which at the time was importing a large portion of its grain.[F]Borlaug said that his first couple of years in Mexico were difficult.He lacked trained scientistsand equipment.Native farmers were hostile towards the wheat programme because of seriouscrop losses from 1939 to 1941 due to stem rust.[G]Wheat varieties that Borlaug worked with had tall,thin stalks.While taller wheat competed betterfor sunlight,they had a tendency to collapse under the weight of extra grain-a trait calledlodging.To overcome this,Borlaug worked on breeding wheat with shorter and stronger stalks,which could hold on larger seed heads.Borlaug's new semi-dwarf,disease-resistant varieties,called Pitic 62 and Penjamo 62,changed the potential yield of Mexican wheat dramatically.By1963 wheat production in Mexico stood six times more than that of 1944.Green Revolution in India[H]During the 1960s,South Asia experienced severe drought condition and India had beenimporting wheat on a large scale from the United States.Borlaug came to India in 1963 alongwith Dr Robert Anderson to duplicate his Mexican success in the sub-continent.Theexperiments began with planting a few of the high-yielding variety strains in the fields of theIndian Agricultural Research Institute at Pusa in New Delhi,under the supervision of Dr M.S.Swaminathan.These strains were subsequently planted in test plots at Ludhiana,Pantnagar,Kanpur,Pune and Indore.The results were promising,but large-scale success,however,was notinstant.Cultural opposition to new agricultural techniques initially prevented Borlaug fromgoing ahead with planting of new wheat strains in India.By 1965,when the drought situationturned alarming,the Government took the lead and allowed wheat revolution to move forward.By employing agricultural techniques he developed in Mexico,Borlaug was able to nearlydouble South Asian wheat harvests between 1965 and 1970.[I]India subsequently made a huge commitment to Mexican wheat,importing some 18,000 tonnes ofseed.By 1968,it was clear that the Indian wheat harvest was nothing short of revolutionary.Itwas so productive that there was a shortage of labour to harvest it,of bull carts to haul it to thethreshing floor(打谷场)of jute(黄麻)bags to store it..Local governments in some areas wereforced to shut down schools temporarily to use them as store houses.[United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organisation(FAO)observed that in 40 years between1961 and 2001,"India more than doubled its population,from 452 million to more than 1 billion.At the same time,it nearly tripled its grain production from 87 million tonnes to 231 milliontonnes..It accomplished this feat while increasing cultivated grain acreage(土地面积)amere8 percent."It was in India that Norman Borlaug's work was described as the "GreenRevolution.”In Africa[K]Africa suffered widespread hunger and starvation through the 70s and 80s.Food and aid pouredin from most developed countries into the continent,but thanks to the absence of efficientdistribution system,the hungry remained empty-stomach.The then Chairman of the NipponFoundation,Ryoichi Sasakawa wondered why the methods used in Mexico and India were notextended to Africa.He called up Norman Borlaug,now leading a semi-retired life,for help.Hemanaged to convince Borlaug to help with his new effort and subsequently founded theSasakawa Africa Association.Borlaug later recalled,"but after I saw the terrible circumstancesthere,I said,'Let's just start growing'"[L]The success in Africa was not as spectacular as it was in India or Mexico.Those elements thatallowed Borlaug's projects to succeed,such as well-organised economies and transportation andirrigation systems,were severely lacking throughout Africa.Because of this,Borlaug's initialprojects were restricted to developed regions of the continent.Nevertheless,yields of maize,sorghum and wheat doubled between 1983 and 1985.Nobel Prize[M]For his contributions to the world food supply,Borlaug was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in1970.Norwegian officials notified his wife in Mexico City at 4:00 am,but Borlaug had alreadyleft for the test fields in the Toluca valley,about 65km west of Mexico City.A chauffeur (took her to the fields to inform her husband.In his acceptance speech,Borlaug said,"the firstessential component of social justice is adequate food for all mankind.Food is the moral right ofall who are born into this world.Yet,50 percent of the world population goes hungry."Green Revolution vs Environmentalists[N]Borlaug's advocacy of intensive high-yield agriculture came under severe criticism fromenvironmentalists in recent years.His work faced environmental and socio-economic criticisms,including charges that his methods have created dependence on monoculture crops,unsustainable fanning practices,heavy indebtedness among subsistence farmers,and high levelsof cancer among those who work with agriculture chemicals.There are also concerns about thelong-term sustainability of fanning practices encouraged by the Green Revolution in both thedeveloped and the developing world.[O]In India,the Green Revolution is blamed for the destruction of India crop diversity,droughtvulnerability,dependence on agro-chemicals that poison soils but reap large-scale benefitsmostly to the American multi-national corporations.What these critics overwhelminglyadvocate is a global movement towards "organic"or "sustainable"farming practices that avoidusing chemicals and high technology in favour of natural fertilisers,cultivation and pest-controlporgrammes.46.Farmers'rejection of his planting techniques initially prevented Borlaug from achieving large-scale success in India.47.In both developed and developing countries there are concerns whether in the long run Borlaug'sfarming practice will be sustainable.48.Borlaug's Pitic 62 and Penjamo 62 has short and strong stems and can resist to diseases.49.Borlaug's success in Africa was not as spectacular as in India or Mexico because Africa lacked thenecessary supporting facilities.50.In India,critics attribute the destruction of Indian crop diversity to the Green Revolution51.Borlaug emphasised that adequate food for all mankind is essential in ensuring social justice in hisNobel Prize acceptance speech.