2010年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of DueAttention Should Be Given to the Study of Chinese.You should write at least 120words following the outline given below:1近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象：2.出现这种现象的原因和后果：3.我认为.…注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Due Attention Should Be Given to the Study of ChineseReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions:In this part,youwill have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questionson Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A).B),C)and D).For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in thepassage.Obama's success isn't all good news for blackAmericansAs Erin White watched the election results head towards victory for Barack Obama,she felt a burdenlifting from her shoulders."In that one second,it was a validation for my whole race,"she recalls."I've always been an achiever,"says White,who is studying for an MBA at Vanderbilt University inNashville,Tennessee."But there had always been these things in the back of my mind questioning whether Ireally can be who I want.It was like a shadow,following me around saying you can only go so far.Now it'slike a barrier has been let down."White's experience is what many psychologists had expected-that Obama would prove to be a powerfulrole model for African Americans.Some hoped his rise to prominence would have a big impact on whiteAmericans,too,challenging those who still harbour racist sentiments."The traits that characterise him arevery contradictory to the racial stereotypes that black people are aggressive and uneducated,"says AshbyPlant of Florida State University."He's very intelligent and eloquent."Sting in the tailAshby Plant is one of a number of psychologists who seized on Obama's candidacy to test hypothesesabout the power of role models.Their work is already starting to reveal how the "Obama effect"is changingpeople's views and behaviour.Perhaps surprisingly,it is not all good news:there is a sting in the tail of theObama effect.1/33But first the good news.Barack Obama really is a positive role model for African Americans,and he wasmaking an impact even before he got to the White House.Indeed,the Obama effect can be surprisinglyimmediate and powerful,as Ray Friedman of Vanderbilt University and his colleagues discovered.They tested four separate groups at four key stages of Obama's presidential campaign.Each groupconsisted of around 120 adults of similar age and education,and the test assessed their language skills.Attwo of these stages,when Obama's success was less than certain,the tests showed a clear difference betweenthe scores of the white and black participants-an average of 12.1 out of 20,compared to 8.8,for example.When the Obama fever was at its height,however,the black participants performed much better.Those whohad watched Obama's acceptance speech as the Democrats'presidential candidate performed just as well,onaverage,as the white subjects.After his election victory,this was true of all the black participants.Dramatic shiftWhat can explain this dramatic shift?At the start of the test,the participants had to declare their race andwere told their results would be used to assess their strengths and weaknesses.This should have primed thesubjects with "stereotype threat"-an anxiety that their results will confirm negative stereotypes,which hasbeen shown to damage the performance of African Americans.Obama's successes seemed to act as a shield against this."We suspect they felt inspired and energised byhis victory,so the stereotype threat wouldn't prove a distraction,"says Friedman.Lingering racismIf the Obama effect is positive for African Americans,how is it affecting their white compatriots ()Is the experience of having a charismatic black president modifying lingering racist attitudes?There is no easy way to measure racism directly;instead psychologists assess what is known as"implicitbias",using a computer-based test that measures how quickly people associate positive and negativewords-such as "love"or "evil"-with photos of black or white faces.A similar test can also measure howquickly subjects associate stereotypical traits-such as athletic skills or mental ability-with a particulargroup.In a study that will appear in the Joumal of Experimental Social Psychology,Plant's team tested 229students during the height of the Obama fever.They found that implicit bias has fallen by as much as 90%compared with the level found in a similar study in 2006."That's an unusually large drop,"Plant says.While the team can't be sure their results are due solely to Obama,they also showed that those with thelowest bias were likely to subconsciously associate black skin colour with political words such as"government"or "president".This suggests that Obama was strongly on their mind,says Plant.Drop in biasBrian Nosek of the University of Virginia in Charlottesville,who runs a website that measures implicitbias using similar test,has also observed a small drop in bias in the 700,000 visitors to the site since January2007,which might be explained by Obama's rise to popularity.However,his preliminary results suggest thatchange will be much slower coming than Plant's results suggest.Talking honestly"People now have the opportunity of expressing support for Obama every day,"says Daniel Effron atStanford University in California."Our research arouses the concern that people may now be more likely toraise negative views ofAfrican Americans.On the other hand,he says,it may just encourage people to talkmore honestly about their feelings regarding race issues,which may not be such a bad thing.Another part of the study suggests far more is at stake than the mere expression of views.The Obamaeffect may have a negative side.Just one week after Obama was elected president,participants were lessready to support policies designed to address racial inequality than they had been two weeks before the2/33election.Huge obstaclesIt could,of course,also be that Obama's success helps people to forget that a disproportionate number ofblack Americans still live in poverty and face huge obstacles when trying to overcome these circumstances."Barack Obama's family is such a salient (image,we generalise it and fail to see the largerpicture-that there's injustice in every aspect of American life,"says Cheryl Kaiser of the University ofWashington in Seattle.Those trying to address issues of racial inequality need to constantly remind people ofthe inequalities that still exist to counteract the Obama's effect,she says.Though Plant's findings were more positive,she too warns against thinking that racism and racialinequalities are no longer a problem."The last thing I want is for people to think everything's solved."These findings do not only apply to Obama,or even just to race.They should hold for any role model inany country."There's no reason we wouldn't have seen the same effect on our views of women if HillaryClinton or Sarah Palin had been elected,"says Effron.So the election of a female leader might have adownside for other women.Beyond raceWe also don't yet know how long the Obama effect-both its good side and its bad-will last.Politicalsentiment is notoriously changeable:What if things begin to go wrong for Obama,and his popularityslumps?And what ifAmericans become so familiar with having Obama as their president that they stopconsidering his race altogether?"Over time he might become his own entity,says Plant.This might seemlike the ultimate defeat for racism,but ignoring the race of certain select individualsa phenomenon thatpsychologists call subtyping-also has an insidious side."We think it happens to help peoplepreserve their beliefs,so they can still hold on to the previous stereotypes."That could turn out to be thecruellest of all the twists to the Obama effect.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.How did Erin White feel upon seeing Barack Obama's victory in the election?A)Excited.B)Victorious.C)Anxious.D)Relieved.2.Before the election,Erin White has been haunted by the question of whetherA)she could obtain her MBA degreeB)she could go as far as she wanted in lifeC)she was overshadowed by her white peersD)she was really an achiever as a student3.What is the focus of Ashby Plant's study?A)Racist sentiments in America.B)The power of role models.C)Personality traits of successful blacks.D)The dual character of African Americans.4.In their experiments,Ray Friedman and his colleagues found thatA)blacks and whites behaved differently during the electionB)whites'attitude towards blacks has dramatically changedC)Obama's election has eliminated the prejudice against blacksD)Obama's success impacted blacks'perfommance in language tests5.What do Brian Nosek's preliminary results suggest?A)The change in bias against blacks is slow in coming.B)Bias against blacks has experienced an unusual drop.3/33