2022年12月大学英语四级考试真题（三）Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions:In this task,you are to write an essay on the necessity of developing social skills for collegestudents.You will have 30 minutes for the task.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180wordsPart IListening Comprehension(25 minutes)PartⅢReading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for eachblank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefullybefore making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the correspondingletter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the wordsin the bank more than once.Phones influence all aspects of teenage life.Ninety-five percent of Americans ages 13 to 17 have asmartphone or have access to one,and nearly half report using the internet "almost 26"But as recent survey data and interviews have suggested,many teens find much of that time to beunsatisfyingly spent.Continuous 27 shouldn't be mistaken for endless enjoyment.A new 28representative survey about "screen time and device distractions"from the Pew Research Center indicatesthat it's not just parents who think teenagers are worryingly 29 from their phones-many teensthemselves do too.Fifty-four percent of the 13-to-17-year-olds surveyed said they spend too much time30 in their phones.Vicky Rideout,who runs a research firm that studies children's interactions with media andtechnology,was not surprised by this finding.She says it's hardly 31 to teenagers."They are dealingwith the same challenges that adults are,as far as they are living in the 32 of a tech environmentdesigned to suck as much of their time onto their devices as possible,Rideout says.The way parents interact with technology can 33 the way they interact with their kids.Rideoutthus thinks it's up to parents to model good 34:Kids tend to take note if their parents put their phoneaway at dinner or charge it in another room while they sleep.Witnessing habits like that can help kids"realize that they can 35 some more control over their devices,"she says.A)absorbedI)recruitedB)addictedJ)shapeC)behaviorK)solutionD)constantlyL)specificE)contextM)summaryF)exerciseN)usageG)inseparableO)vaguelyH nationallySection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which theinformation is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with aletter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Evil GeniusA)A few years ago I found myself teaching a university class on evil.It was for third-year criminologystudents to help them contextualize theory and research within controversial current topics.It was ahuge success.The debates were heated and interesting.I could see people's views change within thecourse of a single lecture.Over the past 13 years,as a student,lecturer and researcher,I've enjoyeddiscussing the science of evil with anyone willing to listen.What I like most is destroying the clicheof good and evil,and replacing them with scientific insight.We need a more informed way ofdiscussing behavior that at first we cannot,or should not,begin to understand.B)Without understanding,we risk dehumanizing others,writing off human beings simply because wedon't comprehend them.We must try to understand what we have labeled evil.We tend to think evil issomething that other people are.We think of ourselves as "good people",and even when we domorally wrong things,we understand the context of our decisions.With others,however,it is fareasier to write them off.If their actions deviate (substantially from what we consideracceptable,we may label them evil.We need to be careful with this.Calling someone evil is oftensimilar to saying they cannot change,and perhaps aren't even a human at all.However,when youactually go monster-hunting,and you look deeply at the people behind shocking behavior,you may besurprised.C)As a child I used to love the Scooby-Doo cartoons.Arriving in their "Mystery Machine",the gangwould have to find a monster who was terrorizing a neighborhood.They would run around looking forclues and at the end unmask the bad guy.It was always a normal person in a costume.There were nomonsters.Like the Scooby crew,we may find ourselves hunting for an easy fix,one word for peoplewho do bad things.But if we take a good look,the word 'evil'is insufficient-there are no simpleexplanations for why humans do bad things:instead there are many,and they are all marvelouslydifferent.D)Evil is typically referred to when there is deviance from social norms:formal deviance is the violationof laws,like theft,murder,and attacks,while informal deviance involves violations of social norms,like lying.Evil behavior is typically thought to embrace one or both forms.However,deviance can alsodescribe a behavior that simply differs from the norm.E)Perhaps this is where we can find the good side of our bad side.Deviating from the norm can make usvillains ()but it can also make us heroes.A child deviates from social pressures when they standup for another child being bullied in school.A soldier deviates when they choose not to follow orders tokill an innocent civilian.An employee in a big tech company deviates when they expose itswrongdoings.F)Creativity is also a deviation.Here,too,things are complex.Thinking creatively has given us modernmedicine,technology and modern political structures,but it has also given us poison and nuclearweapons.Great benefit and great harm can come from the same human tendency.G)In a research paper,Evil Genius,published in 2014,the behavioral scientists Francesca Gino andScott Wiltermuth wanted to examine whether people who behave unethically in one task are morecreative than others on a subsequent task,even after controlling for differences in baseline creativeskills.The unethical behavior they chose was dishonesty.H)Over five experiments researchers gave participants tasks in which they could cheat.In one study,theywere given matrixes (and had to find two numbers that added up to 10.Participants were askedto self-report how well they did at the end of the study:59%cheated by saying that they solved morematrixes than they actually had.D)After each task,the researchers measured participants'performance on the Remote Associates Test.This shows participants three words at a time that appear to be unrelated,and the person has to thinkof a fourth word that is associated with all of them.For example,you might get "Fox,Man,Peep",or“Dust,Cereal,.Fish”.In order to find the linking words(“Hole”for the first,“Bowl”for the second)you need to be creative.The more you get right,the more creative you are thought to be because youhave come up with uncommon associations.J)For every one of the five studies,they found the same thing-participants who cheated in the first taskdid better on the creativity task.Why?Like other forms of unethical behavior,lying means breakingrules.It involves being deviant,going against the social principle that people should tell the truth.Similarly,being creative involves "thinking outside the box",deviating from expectations.Theyinvolve similar thought patterns,so stimulating one stimulates the other.Can we learn from this?Perhaps.To be more creative,we could try lying in a controlled environment.Find online logic gamesand cheat at them,play Scrabble (with a dictionary,or write a story about something thatis untrue?Such tasks can get our brains thinking flexibly,beyond our normal comfort zone.This is nota call to become a compulsive(强迫性的)liar,but a controlled liar,.K)In addition to benefits for creativity,deviance can be a good thing in other ways.Even PhilipZimbardo,the author of the Stanford prison experiment,who showed how easily we can be led tobehave badly,believes that the future of deviance research may lie more in understanding extreme pro-social behavior,such as heroism.Like evil,we often view heroism as only a possibility for outliers-for people who are abnormal.But Zimbardo asks:"What if the capability to act heroically is alsofundamentally ordinary and available to all of us?"Some say we should never meet our heroes,lestthey disappoint us when we find out how normal they are.But this should be liberating,notdisappointing.We are all capable of behaving like outliers.It's time for us to understand deviance,andrealize its potential for good as well as for harm.36.A behavior that does not conform to social norms may be described as being deviant.37.Various experiments found that participants who cheated in the initial task performed better in thecreativity test.38.People may be simply considered evil if their behaviors are morally unacceptable to us.39.The research published by two scientists was intended to examine the relationship between dishonesty