2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套）Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on thechallenges of starting a career after graduation.You should write at least 120 words butno more than 180 words.Part IIListening Comprehension(25 minutes)说明：由于2018年12月四级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to selectone word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices,Each choice in the bankis identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bankmore than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.A few months ago,I was down with a terrible cold which ended in a persistentbad cough.No matter how many different 26I tried,I still couldn't get rid of thecough.Not only did it 27 my teaching but also my life as a whole.Then one day afterclass,a student came up to me and 28 traditional Chinese medicine.From herdescription,Chinese medicine sounded as if it had magic power that worked wonders.Iwas 29 because I knew so little about it and have never tried it before.Eventually,mycough got so much 30 that I couldn't sleep at night,so I decided to give it a try.The Chinese doctor took my pulse and asked to see my tongue,both of which werenew 31 to me because they are both non-existent in Western medicine.Then the doctorgave me a scraping (treatment known as 'Gua Sha'.I was a little 32 at first becausehe used a smooth edged tool to scrape the skin on my neck and shoulders.A few minuteslater,the33 strokes started to produce a relieving effect and my body and mind beganto 34 deeper into relaxation.I didn't feel any improvement in my condition in the firstcouple of days,but after a few more regular visits to the doctor,my cough startedto 35.Then,within a matter of weeks,it was completely gone!A)deepenI)remediesB)experiencesJ)scaredC)hesitantK)sensitiveD)inconvenienceL)sinkE)lessenM)temporaryF)licensesN)trembleG)pressured0)worseH)recommendedSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached toit.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify theparagraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more thanonce.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Is it really OK to eat food that's fallen on the floor?A)When you drop a piece of food on the floor,is it really OK to eat if you pick it upwithin five seconds?An urban food myth contends that if food spends just a fewseconds on the floor,dirt and germs won't have much of a chance to contaminate it.Research in my lab has focused on how food becomes contaminated,and we've donesome work on this particular piece of wisdom.B)While the 'five-second rule'might not seem like the most pressing issue for foodscientists to get to the bottom of,it's still worth investigating food myths like this onebecause they shape our beliefs about when food is safe to eat.C)So is five seconds on the floor the critical threshold (that separates a piece ofeatable food from a case of food poisoning?It's a bit more complicated than that.Itdepends on just how many bacteria can make it from floor to food in a few secondsand just how dirty the floor is.D)Wondering if food is still OK to eat after it's dropped on the floor is a pretty commonexperience.And it's probably not a new one either.A well-known,but inaccurate,story about Julia Child may have contributed to this food myth.Some viewers of hercooking show,The French Chef,insist they saw Child drop lamb on the floor and pickit up,with the advice that if they were alone in the kitchen,their guests would neverknow.E)In fact it was a potato pancake,and it fell on the stovetop,not on the floor.Child putit back in the pan,saying,"But you can always pick it up and if you're alone in thekitchen,who's going to see it?"But the misremembered story persists.It's harderto pin down the origins of the oft-quoted five-second rule,but a 2003 study reportedthat 70%of women and 56%of men surveyed were familiar with the five-second ruleand that women were more likely than men to eat food that had dropped on the floor.F)So what does science tell us about what a few moments on the floor means for thesafety of your food?The earliest research report on the five-second rule is attributed toJillian Clarke,a high school student participating in a research project at theUniversity of Illinois.Clarke and her colleagues introduced bacteria to floor tiles()and then placed cookies on the tiles for varying times.They reported bacteria weretransferred from the tiles to the cookies within five seconds,but didn't report thespecific amount of bacteria that made it from the tiles to the food.G)But how many bacteria actually transfer in five seconds?In 2007,my lab at ClemsonUniversity published a study in the Journal of Applied Microbiology.We wantedto know if the length of time food is in contact with a contaminated surface affectedthe rate of transfer of bacteria to the food.To find out,we introduced bacteriato squares of tile,carpet or wood.Five minutes after that,we placed either bacon orbread on the surface for 5,30 or 60 seconds,and then measured the number ofbacteria transferred to the food.We repeated this exact procedure after the bacteria hadbeen on the surface for 2,4,8 and 24 hours.H)We found that the number of bacteria transferred to either kind of food didn't dependmuch on how long the food was in contact with the contaminated surface-whetherfor a few seconds or for a whole minute.The overall number of bacteria on the surfacemattered more,and this decreased over time after the initial introduction.It looks likewhat's at issue is less how long your food stays on the floor and much more howcontaminated with bacteria that patch of floor happens to be.I)We also found that the kind of surface made a difference as well.Carpets,for instance,seem to be slightly better places to drop your food than wood or tile.When a carpetwas contaminated,less than 1%of the bacteria were transferred.But when the foodwas in contact with tile or wood,48-70%of bacteria were.J)Last year,a study from Aston University in the UK used nearly identical parameters(to our study and found similar results.They also reported that 87%of peopleasked either would eat or had eaten food fallen on the floor.K)Should you eat food fallen on the floor then?From a food safety standpoint,if youhave millions or more bacteria on a surface,0.1%is still enough to make you sickAlso,certain types of bacteria are extremely harmful,and it takes only a small number