2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题（一）答案与详解Part IWriting结构框图：第1段引出话题：随着经济和城市化的发展，大城市数量不断增加，这带来诸多挑战。The Challenges第2段具体阐述三个挑战：上下班高峰时段的交通拥堵问题；城市人口众多造成到！of Living in a处都很拥挤，人们找不到平静之所；城市人口众多加剧了优质医疗和教育资源的短Big City缺，降低了人们的幸福感。第3段得出结论：不喜欢住在大城市。范文点评：参考范文精彩点评The Challenges of Living in a Big City[1]With the development of economy and urbanization,the number【1】引出话题：大城市数量不断of big cities is constantly increasing in China.[2]While big cities are增加。attracting more and more people,they also bring many challenges,【2】指出问题：在大城市生活有诸such as traffic jams and pollution,just to name a few.多挑战。[3]The first problem that really bothers me is the traffic【3】【4】【6】使用The first problem、congestion in the rush hour.I hate waiting for buses and being late.Next Another consequenceTherefore,I have to get up very early if I have an appointment in the分别引出对三个挑战的具体阐morning.[4]Next is that the large population in a big city makes it述（不一定拘泥于“第一”“第[5]so crowded that you can't find a peaceful place unless staying at二”“第三”的表述)。home.The supermarkets are always crowded,so are the cinemas and【5】运用so..that..句型和unlessparks.[6]Another consequence of such a large population is that it引导的条件状语，增加句式多intensifies the inadequacy of quality medical and educational resources,样性。thus decreasing residents'sense of happiness.[7]As a result,although I am frequently asked whether I like to live【7】以交际方式结尾，增强互动性。in a big city or not,my answer is always no,definitely not.How about you?话题词汇：unsatisfactory不满意的entertainment娱乐opportunity机会fast pace快节奏pressure压力lifestyle生活方式environment环境urban城市的health健康second-tier city二线城市四级2018年12月真题（一）1Part IListening ComprehensionSection AQuestions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.(1)A device that weighs less than one kilogram is part of a mission that will allow scientists to deliverfourth generation or 4G mobile coverage to the moon in 2019.If successful,the tiny device will provide themoon with its first-ever mobile phone network.The lunar network will support high-definition streaming ofvideo and data between the moon and Earth.The network is part of Mission to the Moon.This is a project withthe goal of landing the first privately paid for mission to the moon.The 4G mission is set to launch from CapeCanaveral in the United States on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket in 2019.Mission to the Moon intends to establishand test the first elements of a communications network on the moon.(2)The scientists working on the projectopted to build a 4G,rather than a fifth generation or 5G network.This is because fifth generation networks arestill in testing and trial phases.This means that a 5G network may not yet be stable enough to work on themoon's surface.配套全文翻译联系VX:KZRZ2019答案详解1.What are scientists planning to do?in their mission?C)【精析】事实细节题。新闻开篇提到，2019年，科学A)【精析】细节推断题。新闻末尾提到，科学家们计划在家们将在月球上布设第4代或者4G移动网络。月球上布置4G网络而不是第5代或是5G网络，因为如果计划成功，月球将首次覆盖移动电话网络。由第5代网络系统目前仍处于测试阶段，这意味着5G网此可知，科学家计划在月球上布设移动电话网络。络可能还不够稳定，无法在月球表面上运营。由此推2.Why did scientists choose to set up a 4G network断，科学家们之所以选用4G网路是因为其稳定性好。Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.Firefighters responded to a fire Wednesday night at an abandoned mall in Hayward.The fire was reportedat 9:26 p.m.at an old shopping centre on Mission Avenue near Saint Mary's church.Six fire engines,twotrucks and two chiefs responded to the scene.Crews had the fire under control in about 45 minutes and managed tocontain the fire to its point of origin.There were some people inside the building when the fire broke out,(3)butthere were no reports of any injuries.Fire investigators have responded to the scene but have not yetdetermined the cause of the fire.Firefighters will remain on the scene until later this morning to ensure that thefire doesn't start up again.The shopping mall had not been in use since 2002.(4)In 2014,City Hall developeda plan to knock down the building and replace it with affordable housing.However,the plan was dropped dueto lack of funds.答案详解3.What does the news item say about the fire?4.What had City Hall planned to do?B)【精析】事实细节题。新闻开头提到火灾发生的时B)【精析】事实细节题。新闻末尾提到，着火的商场间、地点以及救援情况。消防员用了大约45分钟2002年就已经弃用，2014年市政厅计划拆除，改建控制了火势，火灾发生时楼内有人，但没有任何人保障性住房，但因资金匮乏计划未能实施。由此可员受伤的报告。知，市政厅的计划是拆除废弃的商场。Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.(5)Potato chips in Japan are being sold for 6 times their normal price.This is after the country's mainmanufacturer stopped sales due to a potato shortage.Storms and floods in its main potato-growing region last四级2018年12月真题（一）2year caused the worst harvest in more than 3 decades.Local media reports suggest Calbee and its main rivalKoike-Ya are halting almost 50 products."We don't know when we'll be able to restart,"a companyspokesman said.Snack lovers are panic buying,and many supermarket shelves are bare.(6)Japanese laws limitthe amount of imported potatoes that can be used in Japanese-made products.Japan says fear of disease is itsmain reason to block fresh imports.It still only allows potatoes from selected US states.This is only at certaintimes and on condition that they are processed at factories based near Japanese ports.(7)But global warminghas raised the possibility that domestic produce could be seriously affected by rare weather events more often.答案详解配套全文翻译联系VX:KZRZ20195.What problem is Japan facing?C)【精析】事实细节题。新闻中提到，日本法律限制D)【精析】事实细节题。新闻开头提到，日本薯条价进口土豆，主要原因是担心进口土豆会导致疾病的格为正常价格的六倍，主要生产厂家因土豆供给不传播。足而停止销售，土豆主产地去年遭遇了暴风雨和洪7.What might affect Japanese domestic produce?涝灾害，产量降至三十年最低。由此可知，日本现A)【精析】细节辨认题。全球变暖增加了这种可能在面临的问题是土豆供给不足。性：国内农产品可能会更频繁地受到罕见天气事件6.Why does Japan limit the import of potatoes?的严重影响。Section BQuestions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.M:(8)Mr.Brown's lectures are so boring.W:Yes,he is not a very exciting speaker.But the subject is interesting.M:During every one of his lectures,I try to listen.I really try,but after about ten minutes,my mind begins towander and I lose concentration.But I see that you seem to be OK.How do you stay focused through theentire hour？W:Well,(9)what I do is keep my pen moving.M:What do you mean?W:(9)It's a method of active concentration I read about.One of the most effective ways to concentrate is towrite things down.But it has to be done by hand,not typing on a keyboard.You see,writing by handforces you to actually engage with what you are learning in a more physical way.M:Do you review your notes afterwards then?W:Sometimes,but that's not important.My notes may or may not be useful.But the point is that by writing downwhat Mr.Brown says,I can follow his line of thinking more easily.In fact,sometimes I draw a little too.M:You draw in class?And that helps you pay attention?W:(10)Yes,honestly,it works for me.I just draw little lines and nonsense really.It was also in that article Iread.It can keep the mind active,prevent getting bored and help to concentrate.Again,the point is tolisten hard while keeping the pen moving.(11)If I'm at home and I need to study,what I do is read outloud.It has a similar effect to writing by hand.It helps memorize information in a physical way.答案详解8.What does the man think of Mr.Brown's lectures?boring属于同义替换，由此确定C)为答案C)【精析】事实细节题。对话开头，男土说Brown先9.What does the woman do during Mr.Brown's生的讲座非常枯燥，C)选项中的Dul与原文中的lectures?四级2018年12月真题（一）3