2016年12月大学英语四级考试（第3套）Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay.Suppose you have twooptions upon graduation:one is to find a job somewhere and the other to start abusiness of your own.You are to make a decision.Write an essay to explain thereasons for your decision.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180words.初见Part IIIReading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select oneword for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following thepassage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Eachchoice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter foreach item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not useany of the words in the bank more than once.When someone commits a criminal act,we always hope the punishment will match theoffense.But when it comes to one of the cruelest crimes-animal fighting-things 26 workout that way.Dog-fighting victims are 27 and killed for profit and "sport,"yet theircriminal abusers often receive a 28 sentence for causing a lifetime of pain.Roughly half ofall federally-convicted animal fighters only get probation().Some progress has been made in the prosecution (of animal fighters.But federal judgesoften rely heavily on the U.S.Sentencing Guidelines when they 29 penalties,and in thecase of animal fighting,those guidelines are outdated and extremely 30.The U.S.Sentencing Commission,which 31 these sentencing guidelines,is revisiting them,proposing to raise the minimum sentence from 6-12 to 21-27 months.This is a step in the right 32but we'd like to see the U.S.Sentencing Commission make further changes to the guidelines.Along with this effort,we're working with animal advocates and state and federallawmakers to 33 anti-cruelty laws across the country,as well as supporting laws andpolicies that assist overburdened animal 34 that care for animal fighting victims.This helpis 35 important because the high cost of caring for animal victims is a major factor thatprevents people from getting involved in cruelty cases in the first place.A)convenientB)createsC)criticallyD)determineE)directionF)hesitateG)inadequateH inspiredI)methodJ)minimalK)rarelyL)sheltersM strengthenN)sufferingsO)torturedSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify theparagraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraphmore than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions bymarking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.When Work Becomes a GameA)What motivates employees to do their jobs well?Competition with coworkers,for some.The promise of rewards,for others.Pure enjoyment of problem-solving,for a lucky few.B)Increasingly,companies are tapping into these desires directly through what has come to be knownas"gamification":essentially,turning work into a game."Gamification is about understanding2016-12四级试题（第3套）what it is that makes games engaging and what game designers do to create a greatexperience in games,and taking those learnings and applying them to other contexts such asthe workplace and education,"explains Kevin Werbach,a gamification expert who teachesat the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States.C)It might mean monitoring employee productivity on a digital leaderboard and offering prizesto the winners,or giving employees digital badges or stars for completing certain activities.It could also mean training employees how to do their jobs through video game platforms.Companies from Google to L'Oreal to IBM to Wells Fargo are known to use some degree ofgamification in their workplaces.And more and more companies are joining them.A recentreport suggests that the global gamification market will grow from 1.65 billion in 2015 to11.1 billion by 2020.D)The concept of gamification is not entirely new,Werbach says.Companies,marketers andteachers have long looked for fun ways to engage people's reward-seeking or competitivespirits.Cracker Jacks has been "gamifying"its snack food by putting a small prize inside formore than 100 years,he adds,and the turn-of-the-century steel magnate (CharlesSchwab is said to have often come into his factory and written the number of tons of steelproduced on the past shift on the factory floor,thus motivating the next shift of workers tobeat the previous one.E)But the word "gamification"and the widespread,conscious application of the concept onlybegan in earnest about five years ago,Werbach says.Thanks in part to video games,thegeneration now entering the workforce is especially open to the idea of having their workgamified."We are at a point where in much of the developed world the vast majority ofyoung people grew up playing video games,and an increasingly high percentage of adultsplay these video games too,"Werbach says.F)A number of companies have sprung up-GamEffective,Bunchball and Badgeville,to namea few-in recent years offering gamification platforms for businesses.The platforms that aremost effective turn employees'ordinary job tasks into part of a rich adventure narrative."What makes a game game-like is that the player actually cares about the outcome,"Werbach says."The principle is about understanding what is motivating to this group ofplayers,which requires some understanding of psychology."G)Some people,Werbach says,are motivated by competition.Sales people often fall into thiscategory.For them,the right kind of gamification might be turning their sales pitches intoa competition with other team members,complete with a digital leaderboard showing whois winning at all times.Others are more motivated by collaboration and social experiences.One company Werbach has studied uses gamification to create a sense of community andboost employees'morale().When employees log in to their computers,they're showna picture of one of their coworkers and asked to guess that person's name.2016-12四级试题（第3套）