2011年12月英语四级考试真题Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled NothingSucceeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying,"Quittingsmoking is the easiest thing in the world.I've done it hundreds of times."You shouldwrite at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong WillPart II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions:In this part,you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quicklyand answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7 choose thebest answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).For questions8-10,complete the sentence with the information given in the passage.Why Integrity MattersWhat Is Integrity?The key to integrity is consistency-not only setting high personal standards foroneself(honesty,responsibility,respect for others,fairness)but also living up to thosestandards each and every day.One who has integrity is bound by and follows moraland ethical(道德上的)standards even when making life's hard choices,.choiceswhich may be clouded by stress,pressure to succeed,or temptation.What happens if we lie,cheat,steal,or violate other ethical standards?We feeldisappointed in ourselves and ashamed.But a lapse (of integrity also affects ourrelationships with others.Trust is essential in any important relationship,whetherpersonal or professional.Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair?Thusintegrity must be one of our most important goals.Risky BusinessWe are each responsible for our own decisions,even if the decision,makingprocess has been undermined by stress or peer pressure.The real test of character iswhether we can learn from our mistake,by understanding why we acted as we did andthen exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future.Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems.We mustlearn to recognize risks,because if we can't see the risks we're taking,we can't makeresponsible choices.To identify risks,we need to know the rules and be aware of thefacts.For example,one who doesn't know the rules a about plagiarism (mayaccidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit or one who fails to keepcareful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required.But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional"does not excuse the misconduct,Ignorance is not a defense."But Everybody Does It"Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts but manage to foolthemselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses:"Everyone else does it.""I'm not hurting anyone",or"I really need this grade."Excuses can get very elaborate:"I know I'm look at another's exam,even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on myown paper,but that's not cheating because I'm just checking my answers,notcopying."We must be honest about our actions and avoid excuses,if we foolourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong,we can't see the real choicewe're making -and that leads to bad decisions.To avoid fooling yourself,watch out for excuses and try this test:Ask how youwould feel if your actions were public and anyone could be watching over yourshoulder.If you'd rather hide your actions,that's an indication that you're taking a riskand rationalizing it to yourself.Evaluating RisksTo decide whether a risk is worth taking,you must examine the consequences,inthe future as well as right now,negative as well as positive,and to others as well as toyourself.Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immolate benefitsand simply haven't considered what might go wrong.The consequences of gettingcaught are serious and may include a "O"on a test or assignment,an "F"in the class,suspension(暂令停学)or dismissal from school and a ruined reputation.n fact,.when you break a role or law,you lose control over your life and give others thepower to impose punishment that you have no control over.This is an extremelyvulnerable (position.There may be some matters of life and death or highestprinciple,which might justify such a risk,but there aren't many things that fall in thiscategory.Getting Away with it-Or NotThose who don't get caught pay an even higher price.A cheater doesn't learnfrom the test,which deprives (him her of an education.Cheating underminesconfidence and independence:the cheater is a fraud,and knows that withoutdishonesty,he/she would have failed.Cheating destroys self-respect and integrity,leaving the cheater ashamed,guilty and afraid of getting caught.Worst of all,a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats again,not only because he/she is farther behind,but also because it seems "easier."Thisslippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster.Eventually,thecheater gets caught,and the later he/she gets caught,the worse the consequences.Cheating Hurts Other,TooCheaters often feel invisible,as if their actions "don't count"and don't really hurtanyone.But individual choices have an intense cumulative (effect.Cheatingcan spread like a disease.Recent statistics suggest 30%or more of college studentscheat.If a class is graded on a curve,cheating hurts others'grades.Even if there is nocurve,cheating "poisons"the classroom,and others may feel pressured to join in.("IfI don't cheat I can't compete with those who do")Cheating also has a destructiveimpact on teachers.The real reward of goof teaching is seeing students learn.But acheater says."I'm not interested in what you're trying to teach,all I care about isstealing a grade,regardless of the effect on others."The end result is a destructiveattack on the quality of your education.Finally,cheating can hurt the reputation of theuniversity and harm those who worked hard for their degree.Why Integrity MartenIf cheating becomes the norm,then we are in big trouble.We must rely on thehonesty and good faith of others,if not,we couldn't put money in the bank,buy food,clothing,or medicine from others,drive across a bridge,get on a plane,go to thedentist--the list is endless.There are many examples of the vast harm that is causedwhen individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have.The savingsand loan scandal,the stock market and junk bond swindles,and,of course,Watergate,have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political andeconomic leaders and society as a whole.Such incidents take a tremendous toll on ournation's economy and our individual well-being.For example,but for the savings andloan debacle,there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay foreducation.In sum,we all have a common stake in our school,our community,and oursociety.Our actions do matter.It is essential that we act with integrity in order tobuild the kind of world in which we want to live.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but alsoA)sticks to them in their daily lifeB)makes them known to othersC)understands their true valuesD)sees that others also followthem2.What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships?