2010年12月英语四级考试真题Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of DueAttention Should Be Given To Spelling.You should write at least 120 words following the outlinegiven below:1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2.为了让孩子独立，父母应该.…How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming andScanning)(15 minutes)Directions:In this part,you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly andanswer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked [A],[B],[C]and [D].For questions 8-10,complete thesentences with the information given in the passage.A Grassroots RemedyMost of us spend our lives seeking the natural world.To this end,we walk thedog,play golf,go fishing,sit in the garden,drink outside rather than inside the pub,have a picnic,live in the suburbs,go to the seaside,buy a weekend place in thecountry.The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk.And whenjoggers (jog,they don't run the streets.Every one of them instinctively headsto the park or the river.It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature,but we all seek nature,whether we know we are doing so or not.But despite this,our children are growing up nature-deprived ()I spent myboyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common,South London.These days,childrenare robbed of these ancient freedoms,due to problems like crime,traffic,the loss ofthe open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children,that is to say,things that can be bought,rather than things that can be found.The truth is to be found elsewhere.A study in the US:families had moved tobetter housing and the children were assessed for ADHD-attention deficithyperactivity disorder ()Those whose accommodation had more naturalviews showed an improvement of 19%;those who had the same improvement inmaterial surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in anatural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children usedonly to a normal playground.A US study suggested that when a school gave childrenaccess to a natural environment,academic levels were raised across the entire school.Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment.Inplaygrounds,children create a hierarchy (based on physical abilities,with thetough ones taking the lead.But when a grassy area was planted with bushes,thechildren got much more into fantasy play,and the social hierarchy was now based onimagination and creativity.Most bullying(恃强凌弱)is found in schools where there is a tarmac(柏油碎石)playground;the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged toexplore.This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School in Streatham,with itsharsh tarmac,where I used to hang about in corners fantasising about wildlife.But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces,for health and safety reasons,for fear that they might get dirty or that they mightcause damage.So,instead,the damage is done to the children themselves:not to theirbodies but to their souls.One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD,now increasingly andexpensively treated with drugs.Yet one study after another indicates that contact withnature gives huge benefits to ADHD children.However,we spend money on drugsrather than on green places.The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature.Theincreasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather thanquantity of years.And study after study finds that a garden is the single mostimportant thing in finding that quality.In wider and more difficult areas of life,there is evidence to indicate that naturalsurroundings improve all kinds of things.Even problems with crime and aggressivebehaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.Dr William Bird,researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds,states in his study,"A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because itsrestorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behaviour."Wild places needencouraging for this reason,no matter how small their contribution.We tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favour that humanbeings are granting to the natural world.The error here is far too deep:not only dohumans need nature for themselves,but the very idea that humanity and the naturalworld are separable things is profoundly damaging.Human beings are a species of mammals(哺乳动物).For seven million yearsthey lived on the planet as part of nature.Our ancestral selves miss the natural worldand long for contact with non-human life.Anyone who has patted a dog,stroked a cat,sat under a tree with a pint of beer,given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen towalk through the park on a nice day,understands that.We need the wild world.It is essential to our well-being,our health,ourhappiness.Without the wild world we are not more but less civilised.Without otherliving things around us we are less than human.Five ways to find harmony with the natural worldWalk:Break the rhythm of permanently being under a roof.Get off a stop earlier,make a circuit of the park at lunchtime,walk the child to and from school,get a dog,feel yourself moving in moving air,look,listen,absorb.Sit:Take a moment,every now and then,to be still in an open space.In thegarden,anywhere that's not in the office,anywhere out of the house,away from theroutine.Sit under a tree,look at water,feel refreshed,ever so slightly renewed.Drink:The best way to enjoy the natural world is by yourself;the second bestway is in company.Take a drink outside with a good person,a good gathering:talkwith the sun and the wind with birdsong for background.Learn:Expand your boundaries.Learn five species of bird,five butterflies,fivetrees,five bird songs.That way,you see and hear more:and your mind respondsgratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life.Travel:The places you always wanted to visit:by the seaside,in the country,inthe hills.Take a weekend break,a day-trip,get out there and do it:for the scenery,forthe way through the woods,for the birds,for the bees.Go somewhere special andbring specialness home.It lasts forever,after all.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.What is the author's profound belief?[A]People instinctively seek nature in different ways.[B]People should spend most of their lives in the wild[C]People have quite different perceptions of nature.[D]People must make more efforts to study nature.2.What does the author say people prefer for their children nowadays?[A]Personal freedom.[B]Things that are natural.[C]Urban surroundings.[D]Things that are purchased.3.What does a study in Sweden show?[A]The natural environment can help children learn better.[B]More access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.[C]A good playground helps kids develop their physical abilities.[D]Natural views can prevent children from developing ADHD.4.Children who have chances to explore natural areas[A]tend to develop a strong love for science[B]are more likely to fantasise about wildlife[C]tend to be physically tougher in adulthood[D]are less likely to be involved in bullying7